Thinking for your self Chapter 7

Evaluation


http://freemindshare.com/map/cis456EGPX/

Evaluations make judgments about worth on the basis of standards that may be conscious or unconscious.
It can help us react quickly to situation where our survival is a stake. Evaluations are not facts. Factual reports keep the distinction between facts and evaluations clear. Connotative words convey evaluations that can be used to sway our opinions. When we think critically, we recognize how these connotations affect our feelings so that we can choose or not choose to accept the opinions they contain.

Thinking for your self Chapter 6

Opinion
http://freemindshare.com/map/beprv2CGKR/

Opinion can be substantiated or not. They can be based either on reason or solely on feeling, emotions, or prejudice. It should be not confuse with facts. Critical thinking requires that we recognize the difference between responsible and irresponsible opinion.

Thinking for your self Chapter 5

Assumption
http://freemindshare.com/map/bnqyz126ES/
An assumption is something we take for granted, something we accept prematurely as being true, something we don’t check out carefully.

It can be conscious or unconscious, warranted or unwarranted. Unconscious and unwarranted assumptions can lead to faulty reasoning, whereas conscious and warranted assumptions can be useful tools for problem solving.

Thinking for your self Chapter 4

Why we use Inference?
http://freemindshare.com/map/cdgryEGTXY/

Inference: Is the act or process of deriving a conclusion based solving on what one already knows.

Facts and inferences are linked together through generalizations. You will understand how observation helps determine facts imagination and reasoning to link the fact with explanation and how generalization ties all this information together into meaningful whole.

Inference also can be use in addition as a strategy in planning and choosing alternative when it comes to solving problems.

Thinking for your self Chapter 3

What is a Fact?

http://freemindshare.com/map/bfhpt5BHJX/ Fact is something known with certain through experience, observation, or measurement. A Fact can be objectively demonstrated and verified. A couple characteristics that facts must express:

-define their own limitations
-objectively stated
-use appropriately qualifies
-state the obvious not inappropriately cautious
-don’t include guesses or inferences
-specific and offer their evidence for others to verify

Thinking for your self Chapter 2

Word precision, How do I describe it?

http://freemindshare.com/map/ghw18AFMOX/

Clear thinking depends on a clear understanding of words we use. Words confusion leads to less consciousness, or disequilibrium, which can only be restored through word clarification.

The test of our understanding of a word is our ability to define it. This ability is particularly important for words representing key ideas that we wish to explain or defend. Taking the time to define the words we use is an essential preliminary to genuine communication.

Thinking for your self Chapter 1

OBSERVATION SKILLS
http://freemindshare.com/map/ehlnqt36KV/

1. Observation is a process of sensing, perceiving, and thinking.

2. Observation can help us see details that contain the key to unlocking problems or arriving at insights. It also help us discover new knowledge.

3. Requires us to stay awake, take out time, given full attention, suspend thinking in an attitude of listening.

chapter 7:Inference to Identify Implied Main Ideas

http://freemindshare.com/map/hnsw6HLOPT/

In order to understand a reading assignment, you need to read the material and combine what is stated with the additional information you generate using inference as tool. While inference is a skill you practice every day, inferring meaning from textbooks and other college reading material requires you to use specific strategies such as detecting an author’s bias, nothing comparisons, and recognizing information gaps.