Reading beyond the Words
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Critical reading means to asking and answering questions about your reading material at all level thinking. Bloom’s taxonomy lists six levels of critical thinking –knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation- that you can use to deepen your understanding of textbook material. By creating and answering questions at each of these levels, you will be better able to predict the kind of questions your instructor will ask on an exam and better prepared to answer them.
Tuesday, April 29, 2008
chapter 12
Identifying and Evaluating Arguments
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Arguments are the logical structures that people use when they write and speak to present ideas and persuade others to support those ideas.
An argument consists of two or more statements that include one conclusion and at least one reason that support it. When you find an argument, you should break it down into its constituent parts so that you can determine whether it is well founded and logical. Arguments can be evaluated using specific critical including determining dependability, distinguishing fact from opinion, and detecting fallacies.
There are two primary types of arguments.
Deductive arguments are judged as either being true or false. If the premise or premises of a deductive argument are true, then the conclusion is true.
Inductive argument begins with a series of specific observations and concludes with a generalization that logically follows from it. As they are based on limited observations, even well-constructed inductive arguments cannot be considered absolutely true.
http://freemindshare.com/map/fn14AFIMOT/
Arguments are the logical structures that people use when they write and speak to present ideas and persuade others to support those ideas.
An argument consists of two or more statements that include one conclusion and at least one reason that support it. When you find an argument, you should break it down into its constituent parts so that you can determine whether it is well founded and logical. Arguments can be evaluated using specific critical including determining dependability, distinguishing fact from opinion, and detecting fallacies.
There are two primary types of arguments.
Deductive arguments are judged as either being true or false. If the premise or premises of a deductive argument are true, then the conclusion is true.
Inductive argument begins with a series of specific observations and concludes with a generalization that logically follows from it. As they are based on limited observations, even well-constructed inductive arguments cannot be considered absolutely true.
Chapter 11
Reading, Understanding, and Creating Visual Aids
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Visual aids are a very important part of the textbook reading. They are tools designed to help you learn and remember new concepts and key information.
Visual aids provide a quick, easily accessible format for information that shows you how ideas connect or relate to each other. Authors use visuals as learning aids, as a way to illustrate and explain their main idea. Types of visual aids include mind maps, outlines, charts, diagrams, graphs, illustrations, photographs, and time lines.
An effective reading and study strategy is to make your own visual aids. Here fore you have to recognize the important elements in what you are reading and be able to prioritize and organize them in a logical and useful format.
http://freemindshare.com/map/aktvDEFOPT/
Visual aids are a very important part of the textbook reading. They are tools designed to help you learn and remember new concepts and key information.
Visual aids provide a quick, easily accessible format for information that shows you how ideas connect or relate to each other. Authors use visuals as learning aids, as a way to illustrate and explain their main idea. Types of visual aids include mind maps, outlines, charts, diagrams, graphs, illustrations, photographs, and time lines.
An effective reading and study strategy is to make your own visual aids. Here fore you have to recognize the important elements in what you are reading and be able to prioritize and organize them in a logical and useful format.
Tuesday, April 15, 2008
Chapter 10
Textbook Marking
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Textbook marking is a systematic way of marking, highlighting, and labeling ideas to show how they are related to each other and which are most important. It also helps you to remember what you had read. At the end of the study-reading stage of textbook reading, you should look for and mark these items: main ideas, major supporting details, and new vocabulary.
Beyond these three basic elements of textbook marking, you should use your experience in lecture and lab to decide if you need to mark more. Always mark information that is unclear; to remind yourself to find out what it means before you are tested on the material.
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Textbook marking is a systematic way of marking, highlighting, and labeling ideas to show how they are related to each other and which are most important. It also helps you to remember what you had read. At the end of the study-reading stage of textbook reading, you should look for and mark these items: main ideas, major supporting details, and new vocabulary.
Beyond these three basic elements of textbook marking, you should use your experience in lecture and lab to decide if you need to mark more. Always mark information that is unclear; to remind yourself to find out what it means before you are tested on the material.
Chapter 9
Using Preview, Study-Read, and Review (PSR) Strategies
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The PSR technique (preview, study-read, and review) requires that you question yourself before, during and after you read. By asking questions, predicting textbook content, and hypothesizing about the main idea, you are participating in a conversation with the author. You also add what you know to the conversation by recalling related information. This will help you understand and remember more of your reading assignments.
The PSR technique also requires you to respond to readings by writing in your journal. Review reading using your journal can helps you to understand an author’s ideas and helps you relate the material to what you already know.
http://freemindshare.com/map/einryz7HPQ/
The PSR technique (preview, study-read, and review) requires that you question yourself before, during and after you read. By asking questions, predicting textbook content, and hypothesizing about the main idea, you are participating in a conversation with the author. You also add what you know to the conversation by recalling related information. This will help you understand and remember more of your reading assignments.
The PSR technique also requires you to respond to readings by writing in your journal. Review reading using your journal can helps you to understand an author’s ideas and helps you relate the material to what you already know.
chapter 8: Methods of Organization
Methods of Organization
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Authors use different methods of organization in order to present information in a logical format that suits the subject matter and goals of their books. Analysis method, defines a concept to clarity meaning- may use examples and analogies. Another method is the cause/effect, method author use to show why something happened and the effects that occurred as result.
The comparison/contrast method, that focuses on similarities and differences. The definition/example method that breaks apart a concept-presents basic elements. The Sequence method, that shows steps or ideas the chronological order of events. Another useful way to identify an author’s method of organization is to look for the organizational word clues (OWCs) that indicate which patterns he or she is using.
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